Showing posts with label Dream of the Rood. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Dream of the Rood. Show all posts

Wednesday, January 30, 2008

The Dream of the Rood vs. The Bible

In preparing my address on Warrior Christ imagery, I've decided to make "The Dream of the Rood" the centerpiece. As I've focused tightly on it, I've been surprised by how willing the Rood poet is to depart from the Gospel accounts of the crucifixion.

Some lines, of course, are a matter of interpretation. For example, when the poet writes, "Then saw I mankind's Lord come with great courage when he would mount on me," we can excuse it as a heroic rendering of the crucifixion -- after all, Jesus probably wasn't skipping along gleefully. Others, though, simply cannot be rectified with the Gospel accounts. Here are a few examples:
  • Strong fiends seized me there, worked me for spectacle; cursèd ones lifted me. On shoulders men bore me there, then fixed me on hill; fiends enough fastened me. According to the Biblical accounts, Jesus carried the Rood himself. When he grew too weak, Simon of Cyrene bore it.
  • The young hero stripped himself--he, God Almighty--strong and stout-minded. In the Gospel accounts, his clothes are removed and soldiers gamble for the garment.
  • Then they worked him an earth-house, men in the slayer's sight carved it from bright stone, set in it the Wielder of Victories. Then they sang him a sorrow-song, sad in the eventide, when they would go again with grief from that great Lord. That the poet refers to the disciples as "warriors" (hilde-rincas) so often doesn't really bother me, since that is clearly metaphorical language designed to depict Jesus as a temporal lord. They didn't "work him an earth-house," though -- they used Joseph of Arimathea's tomb.
Scribes who might be very careful in copying sacred texts apparently did not find their concern's matched by poets. I suspect if I examined other Anglo-Saxon poetic treatments of Biblical myths (such as Genesis and Crist), I'd find a similar ethic regarding poetic license. Our modern ethic (as I draw it from film) seems to be that you can fill in the blanks as you wish, but you have to be very careful about making changes. For the Rood poet, a poetic treatment seems to have permitted much more latitude in taking liberties.